Foundation cracks are every property owner’s worst nightmare. Sometimes, small cracks can lead to serious issues. However, not all cracks are inherently bad. Some foundation cracks don’t threaten the structural integrity of the building.
Ideally, you should know how to differentiate between the different types of foundation cracks, such as vertical and horizontal cracks. This will help you determine whether it’s a problem you must address immediately by a reliable foundation repair contractor or if you can wait.
Understanding the Differences Between Vertical and Horizontal Foundation Cracks
Understanding the different cracks can help you identify the potential risks associated with each type and how to take appropriate actions to maintain the structural integrity of your home. The two main types of cracks are vertical and horizontal.
Vertical Foundation Cracks
Typically, vertical cracks happen when a property sinks into the ground and settles over time, and can be found on the foundation walls of a property. As the soil under the foundation compresses over time, minor shifts can cause these cracks.
While settling is a normal thing, the cracks getting worse over time will become an issue.If it is not addressed, it can lead to serious issues or even permanent damage.
New concrete foundations can develop vertical cracks as the concrete cures and shrinks.Vertical cracks can be caused due to temperature changes that make the materials expand and contract.
Typically, vertical foundation cracks are a minor issue, and can easily be repaired using epoxy or polyurethane injections. However, if the cracks are wide or continue to grow over time, you should have a professional evaluate them immediately.
Horizontal Foundation Cracks
Horizontal cracks run parallel to the ground and across foundation walls, commonly found in basements with concrete or concrete block walls. While vertical cracks are caused by the house settling, these cracks are primarily caused by lateral pressure from the surrounding soil, which can result from wet soil expansion, poor drainage, or frost heave.
Hydrostatic pressure, where water pushes against the foundation wall, can also create horizontal cracks. Significant foundation movement from shifting soils or improper construction can contribute as well.
Horizontal cracks are often more serious than vertical ones, indicating major structural issues like foundation movement or pressure buildup. It’s crucial to have these cracks assessed and repaired by a professional promptly.
Repairing horizontal cracks typically involves extensive measures such as reinforcing the foundation wall with steel or carbon fiber straps, underpinning the foundation, or improving drainage to reduce soil pressure. In severe cases, rebuilding or replacing the affected foundation section may be necessary.
Key Differences Between Vertical and Horizontal Foundation Cracks
Here are the main differences between vertical and horizontal foundation cracks:
- Orientation: Vertical cracks run up and down, while horizontal cracks run parallel to the ground.
- Causes: Vertical cracks are often caused by settling, shrinkage, or thermal changes, whereas horizontal cracks typically result from lateral pressure on the foundation walls.
- Severity: Vertical cracks are generally a minor issue, while horizontal cracks often indicate significant structural problems.
- Repair Approaches: Vertical cracks can often be repaired with simple foundation repair methods like epoxy injections, while horizontal cracks usually require more extensive and immediate structural repairs.
What to Do if You Find Vertical or Horizontal Foundation Cracks in Your Home
Discovering foundation cracks can be alarming, but knowing how to address them can prevent further damage and maintain the integrity of your home.
Here are the steps to take if you find foundation cracks in your property:
- Inspect the Crack: Whether you come across a vertical or horizontal crack, the first thing you should do is measure the width and length of the crack.
If it’s a vertical crack, you should monitor any changes in the crack over time, such as widening or lengthening. If it’s a horizontal crack, observe if there are any other signs of foundation movement, such as bowing walls or sticking doors and windows.
- Determine the Severity: Vertical cracks less than 1/8 inch wide are typically less concerning and often result from normal settling or shrinkage. Wider vertical cracks or those that are growing may indicate more serious issues.
On the other hand, horizontal cracks often indicate significant structural issues and should be taken seriously.
- Seal Small Cracks: If the vertical crack is stable and small, go ahead and seal it with an epoxy or polyurethane injection to prevent water infiltration and further damage.
- Consult a Professional: If you’re dealing with a horizontal crack or a vertical crack that continues to grow over time, consult a structural engineer or foundation repair specialist immediately. By following their recommendations, you’ll be able to prevent the issue from escalating further.
General Tips for Both Types of Cracks
Taking a proactive approach can help you avoid the risks associated with foundation cracks. Here are some things you can do to keep your property in good condition:
- Keep Records: Keep records by documenting the cracks with photographs and notes on their size and any changes over time. Make sure to store them safely, we recommend with your other important documents. This information can be helpful for professionals assessing the situation.
- Stay Proactive: Regularly inspect your home’s foundation, especially after significant weather events or seasonal changes. Address any foundation cracks promptly to prevent further damage and more costly repairs.
- Maintain Your Home: Regular maintenance, such as controlling moisture levels around your foundation and ensuring proper drainage, can help prevent foundation issues.
Bottom Line
Nobody wants to see cracks of any kind in their foundation. Unfortunately, this is an unavoidable aspect of owning a property. That’s why homeowners must understand the differences between foundation cracks, such as horizontal and vertical cracks.
Now that you know the severity, causes, and repair approaches for these types of cracks, you can effectively manage foundation cracks and protect the structural integrity of your home.
If you need help assessing or repairing foundation cracks in your home, contact Granite Foundation Repair Inc! We provide the best repairs for Dallas and Fort Worth at a reasonable cost.